1. Shooting with 50mm lens can let you shoot at aperture as wide as 1.8 but a 18-55mm will allow you to shoot only at 5.0 aperture 
2. This difference itself is a huge deal. This means you can have the advantage of having faster shutter . Imagine shooting handheld at 1/15s with aperture f5.0 and then at 1/125s with aperture f1.8. This can be significant in low light conditions.

You will need following things

1. A DSLR camera with a 200mm+ telephoto lens or a point and shoot camera that has an optical zoom capability.
2. A stable tripod.
3. Remote camera trigger (optional). If you do not have one, a timer in your camera will also work
4. Make sure you are in such a place where city lights don't affect your photo shoot. I would suggest going outside city area where you can find no lights, like Highways, Village etc. 

And following camera setting

Camera Mode: Set your camera mode to full Manual Mode.

ISO: Set your ISO to 100. If you have a point and shoot camera, see if you can find a menu setting to set your ISO to 100. Make sure “Auto ISO” is turned Off.

Aperture: Set your aperture to f/11.

Shutter Speed: Set your shutter speed to 1/125 

Lens Focus: Set your lens to manual focus (either through a switch on the lens or on the camera) and set your focus to infinity. Be careful while setting the focus to infinity, as some lenses allow focusing beyond infinity. If you do not have such a feature in your camera, then try setting your lens to the center of the infinity sign, then take a picture and see if it came out sharp by zooming in the rear LCD of the camera.

And voila, you will get this type of results

http://nisargpandya.com/portfolio/different-moods-of-moon/

Any lens with 24mm or less focal length would be ideal for landscape photography. Lenses with 18mm or less will provide wider perspective. Usually focal length range 10-15 mm are used by professional landscape photographers.

I usually format my cards before every shoot. Make sure you have at least two copies of the same saved as back up. Name a folder in camera itself and then start shooting. 

You can use any lens for Bokeh Photography, Bokeh is defined as “the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider.” Simply put, bokeh is the pleasing or aesthetic quality of out-of-focus blur in a photograph.

There are basically three fundamentals that you should follow for photography. Those are

1. Shutter Speed
2. Aperture
3. ISO / Film Speed

You can find a nice article on this fundamentals over here

But before that, you need to practice on Program Auto or Auto Mode (Creative Mode on Canon) for clicking in perfect composition. When I bought my camera, the sales guy suggested me to start with the only composition, rest you can master later. 

Here are some photo composition tips by Steve McCurry - The famous photographer

Without flash

High ISO 1600 and above

F 3.5 or less

S approx 15

With flash (Diffuser options)

ISO 1200 approx 

F 4

S approx 30 

It totally depends on what you are shooting. For landscapes, usually f/8-f/11, ISO 100 and shutter 1/250 or higher during day time. Similarly for portraits, f/2.5, ISO 100 and shutter 1/250 or higher.